Habits, facts, and current actions
Choosing el, la, un, una
Counting, prices, and quantities
Days, months, and dates
Masculine, feminine, and exceptions
When to add -s or -es
Who acts: yo, tú, él
Matching gender and number
Using no, nunca, nada, nadie
Saying who things belong to
Place, time, and movement
Asking what, where, and why
Identity, location, and states
Hunger, thirst, and other feelings
Obligations, duties, and advice
Everyday actions in sentences
Past actions linked to now
Completed events in the past
Past habits and ongoing actions
Future events and predictions
What you would do
Adding details with que and quien
Daily routines: me levanto
Comparing people and things
Instructions: hazlo, no lo hagas
Choosing lo, la, le, les
He hablado, hablé, or hablaba?
Wishes, doubts, and emotions
Past wishes and imagined situations
What had already happened
What will have happened
What would have happened
If this happens, then what?
Focus on who receives the action
Forms like hablando and hablado
Matching tenses across clauses
Linking reasons, aims, and details