Prepositions in Spanish.List of Most Common Spanish Prepositions.
What are Spanish Prepositions?
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between nouns, pronouns, and other words in a sentence. In Spanish, prepositions connect words and indicate relationships of time, place, direction, manner, and more.
Most Common Spanish Prepositions
- a — to, at. a la tienda — I’m going to the store.
- ante — before, in front of. Hablé ante el público — I spoke before the audience.
- bajo — under, below. El gato está bajo la mesa — The cat is under the table.
- con — with. Voy con mi amigo — I’m going with my friend.
- contra — against. Estoy contra la pared — I’m against the wall.
- de — of, from. El libro de Juan — Juan’s book.
- desde — from, since. Trabajo desde las ocho — I work from eight o’clock onward.
- durante — during. Durante la película, no hables — Don’t talk during the movie.
- en — in, on, at. Estoy en casa — I’m at home.
- entre — between, among. Entre tú y yo — Between you and me.
- hacia — toward. Camina hacia la puerta — Walk toward the door.
- hasta — until, up to. Trabajaré hasta las cinco — I’ll work until five.
- para — for, in order to. Este regalo es para ti — This gift is for you.
- por — for, by, through. Gracias por tu ayuda — Thanks for your help.
- según — according to. Según el profesor, el examen será fácil — According to the teacher, the exam will be easy.
- sin — without. Café sin azúcar — Coffee without sugar.
- sobre — on, about. El libro está sobre la mesa — The book is on the table.
- tras — after, behind. Tras la puerta hay un armario — Behind the door there is a wardrobe.
Prepositions of Place in Spanish
These prepositions describe where something is located.
- en — in, on, at. La pluma está en la mesa — The pen is on the table.
- sobre — on top of. El libro está sobre el escritorio — The book is on the desk.
- debajo de — under. El gato está debajo de la cama — The cat is under the bed.
- encima de — on top of. Hay una lámpara encima de la mesa — There is a lamp on top of the table.
- detrás de — behind. El jardín está detrás de la casa — The garden is behind the house.
- delante de — in front of. Hay un árbol delante de mi ventana — There is a tree in front of my window.
- entre — between. El banco está entre la tienda y el restaurante — The bench is between the store and the restaurant.
- cerca de — near. Vivo cerca del parque — I live near the park.
- lejos de — far from. La playa está lejos de aquí — The beach is far from here.
Prepositions of Time and Manner
Time
- a — at, for specific times. La reunión es a las tres — The meeting is at three.
- de — from, during a period. Trabajamos de nueve a cinco — We work from nine to five.
- desde — since, from a starting point. Estoy esperando desde las dos — I have been waiting since two.
- hasta — until. Estaré aquí hasta las seis — I’ll be here until six.
- durante — during. Durante el verano, voy a la playa — During the summer, I go to the beach.
- en — in, used with months and years. Nací en mayo — I was born in May.
Manner
- con — with, using. Escribo con un lápiz — I write with a pencil.
- sin — without. Prefiero el café sin azúcar — I prefer coffee without sugar.
- por — by, via. Enviamos la carta por correo — We sent the letter by mail.
How to Use "De", "En", and "A" Correctly
De
- Possession: El libro de María — María’s book.
- Origin: Soy de México — I’m from Mexico.
- Material: Una mesa de madera — A wooden table.
- Contents: Una taza de café — A cup of coffee.
- Time: Son las diez de la noche — It is ten at night.
En
- Location: Estoy en casa — I’m at home.
- Time: En verano hace calor — It is hot in summer.
- Transportation: Viajo en tren — I travel by train.
- State: Está en buena forma — He or she is in good shape.
A
- Direction: Voy a la tienda — I’m going to the store.
- Time: Llegamos a las ocho — We arrived at eight.
- Indirect objects: Le di el libro a Juan — I gave the book to Juan.
- Personal a: Vi a mi amigo — I saw my friend.
Common mistakes
- Voy en la escuela — I go in the school. Voy a la escuela — I’m going to school.
- Soy de España — I’m from Spain. Vengo desde España — I’m coming from Spain.
Spanish Prepositions with Verbs
- Pensar en: Pienso en mis vacaciones — I think about my vacation.
- Soñar con: Sueño con viajar por el mundo — I dream of traveling around the world.
- Hablar de: Hablamos de política — We talked about politics.
- Depender de: Dependo de mi trabajo — I depend on my job.
- Preocuparse por: Me preocupo por ti — I worry about you.
- Contar con: Puedes contar conmigo — You can count on me.
- Acordarse de: Me acuerdo de ti — I remember you.
Learning tip: Learn prepositions in context with verbs or phrases. Practicing complete phrases can help you remember which preposition each verb takes.
Prepositional Phrases in Spanish
- a causa de — because of. No pude venir a causa del tráfico — I couldn’t come because of the traffic.
- a pesar de — despite. A pesar de la lluvia, fuimos al parque — Despite the rain, we went to the park.
- acerca de — about. Hablamos acerca de su nuevo trabajo — We talked about their new job.
- al lado de — next to. Mi casa está al lado del parque — My house is next to the park.
- antes de — before. Siempre me ducho antes de desayunar — I always shower before having breakfast.
- después de — after. Después de la clase, vamos a comer — After class, we’re going to eat.
- en vez de — instead of. Tomé té en vez de café — I had tea instead of coffee.
- por medio de — by means of. Lo arreglamos por medio de negociaciones — We resolved it through negotiations.