Verbos ReflexivosReflexive Verbs in Spanish

Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and the object of the sentence are the same. This means that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. Reflexive verbs require reflexive pronouns, which match the subject in person and number. These pronouns are typically placed directly before the conjugated verb or attached to the end of an infinitive or gerund.

Reflexive pronouns are:

• me - myself
• te - yourself (singular, informal)
• se - himself, herself, yourself (singular formal), themselves, yourselves
• nos - ourselves
• os - yourselves (plural, informal)

For example, in the sentence "Yo me baño" (I bathe myself), the verb bañarse (to bathe oneself) is reflexive because the subject (I) and the object (myself) are the same person.

Non-reflexive verbs, on the other hand, are used when the action is performed by the subject on a different object. For example, "Yo baño al perro" (I bathe the dog) uses the verb bañar (to bathe), which is non-reflexive because the subject (I) and the object (the dog) are different.

Here is a comparison between reflexive and non-reflexive verbs:

Reflexive verbs are commonly identified through the presence of reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns in Spanish are me, te, se, nos, os, and se. These pronouns indicate that the action of the verb is performed by the subject on itself.

Markers of Reflexive Verbs:

• A verb is classified as reflexive if the infinitive ends in -se. Example: lavarse.
• Reflexive pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive or gerund. Example: me lavo (I wash myself) or lavándome (washing myself).

Characteristics of Reflexive Verbs:

• Reflexive verbs denote actions that the subject performs on itself. Example: acostarse (to go to bed).
• They can indicate a change of state or condition. Example: enfermarse (to get sick).
• Some verbs are always reflexive, whereas others can be reflexive based on context. Example: irse (to leave) vs. ir (to go).

Common Reflexive Verbs:

• bañarse - to bathe oneself
• despertarse - to wake up
• ducharse - to shower
• lavarse - to wash oneself
• maquillarse - to put on makeup
• peinarse - to comb one's hair
• ponerse - to put on (clothing)
• quitarse - to take off (clothing)
• sentarse - to sit down
• vestirse - to get dressed

Reflexive verbs are conjugated by applying reflexive pronouns and the appropriate verb endings depending on the tense. The conjugation involves both the verb form and the reflexive pronoun that agrees with the subject of the sentence.

Present Tense

In the preterite tense, the verb endings change but the reflexive pronouns remain the same.

Subject	Reflexive Pronoun	Verb (Levantarse - to get up)
Yo	me	levanté
Tú	te	levantaste
Él/Ella/Usted	se	levantó
Nosotros/Nosotras	nos	levantamos
Vosotros/Vosotras	os	levantasteis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	se	levantaron

The imperfect tense reflects habitual actions in the past and uses specific endings while maintaining the same reflexive pronouns.

Subject	Reflexive Pronoun	Verb (Despertarse - to wake up)
Yo	me	despertaba
Tú	te	despertabas
Él/Ella/Usted	se	despertaba
Nosotros/Nosotras	nos	despertábamos
Vosotros/Vosotras	os	despertabais
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes	se	despertaban

By understanding the pattern of reflexive pronouns and verb endings, one can effectively conjugate reflexive verbs in various tenses.

Reflexive pronouns are integral elements that correspond with verbs that reflect the action back to the subject performing it. They are particularly essential in the context of reflexive verbs, which are verbs that inherently require the action to be performed by and for the subject itself.

Reflexive pronouns are important because they help to indicate that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action. This distinction changes the meaning of verbs and is critical for accurate communication. For instance, the verb lavar (to wash) can become lavarse (to wash oneself), with the reflexive pronoun indicating that the subject is both washing and being washed.

The role of reflexive pronouns in the use of reflexive verbs is to clarify and specify that the action remains with the subject. Here is a list of reflexive pronouns used in Spanish:

• me - myself
• te - yourself (informal singular)
• se - himself, herself, yourself (formal singular), themselves, yourselves (formal plural)
• nos - ourselves
• os - yourselves (informal plural)

Without these pronouns, the meaning of the verbs can drastically change. Understanding and correctly using reflexive pronouns ensures that the intent and focus of an action performed by the subject are clear, which is why they are fundamental for grasping Verbos Reflexivos.

Reflexive pronouns in Spanish are an essential part of reflexive verbs, which indicate that the subject of the verb is also its object. Placement of reflexive pronouns can change depending on the verb tense and the presence of auxiliary verbs.

Here are the main rules:

• Before a conjugated verb: Reflexive pronouns are typically placed directly before a conjugated verb. For example: Me lavo las manos. (I wash my hands)
• Attached to an infinitive: When a reflexive verb is in the infinitive form, the pronoun can be attached to the end of the infinitive. For example: Voy a lavarme las manos. (I am going to wash my hands)
• Attached to a gerund: If the reflexive verb is in the gerund (-ing) form, the reflexive pronoun can be attached to the end. For example: Estoy lavándome las manos. (I am washing my hands)
• Before an auxiliary verb: In compound tenses, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the auxiliary verb. For example: Me he lavado las manos. (I have washed my hands)

Reflexive verbs are commonly used in several contexts, and understanding these can significantly improve your proficiency.

• Daily Routines and Personal Care Actions: Reflexive verbs often describe actions that one performs on oneself, particularly related to daily routines and personal care. For example:
  • Me levanto (I get up)
  • Te duchas (You shower)
  • Se cepilla los dientes (He/She brushes his/her teeth)
  • Nos vestimos (We get dressed)
• Emotional and Psychological States: Reflexive verbs can also describe changes in emotional or psychological states. For instance:
  • Me siento feliz (I feel happy)
  • Te enojas (You get angry)
  • Se preocupa (He/She worries)
  • Nos aburrimos (We get bored)
• Reciprocal Actions: When two or more subjects perform an action on each other, reciprocal reflexive verbs are used. Examples include:
  • Nos abrazamos (We hug each other)
  • Se besan (They kiss each other)
  • Os ayudáis (You all help each other – Spain)
• Inherent Reflexive Verbs: Some verbs are always reflexive and are used without a direct object. Examples are:
  • Arrepentirse (to repent)
  • Atreverse (to dare)
  • Quejarse (to complain)

These are some of the common instances in which reflexive verbs are used, each contributing to a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding.